Filling And Sealing Cracks In Masonry And Concrete

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Filling And Sealing Cracks In Masonry And Concrete
Filling And Sealing Cracks In Masonry And Concrete

Video: Filling And Sealing Cracks In Masonry And Concrete

Video: Filling And Sealing Cracks In Masonry And Concrete
Video: How to repair, seal and waterproof large cracks in concrete, cement, steel, pvc 2024, March
Anonim
  • Method 1. Cement mortar and repair mixtures
  • Method 2. Epoxy resin and epoxy repair compounds

    Operating procedure

  • Method 3. Cords and tapes for seams and crack repair

    Operating procedure

  • Method 4. "Make in advance". Additive to concrete for self-healing cracks
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete

A crack is a "friend of man". She is the first to inform the owner about problems in element stability or material wear. It provides a signal before more serious destruction occurs. In these cases, the movement that caused the crack must be stopped and the crack repaired and masked. We talked about how to stop and hide it in previous articles. In this, we will discuss methods of sealing cracks and technological joints.

The causes of occurrence, "global" and camouflage measures to stop them have already been described in detail in the articles "What are the cracks in buildings and their causes" and "How to stop the formation of cracks in the walls of the house." Such defects can occur, for example, in the basin of a pool, foundations or external walls exposed to atmospheric influences. Such a crack, after taking measures against further development, must be sealed to avoid moisture ingress, which contributes to the development of any defect.

Cement-based repair mortars are a good method for dry and in some cases damp rooms, but do not give the desired effect when working outdoors and in water tanks. This will require special tools. So, the crack has been found, stopped and is awaiting repair.

Attention! The described methods are applied in the case of a stable surface (non-through) crack. Sealing a through crack will only give an unreliable and temporary result.

Method 1. Cement mortar and repair mixtures

The simplest and cheapest of the existing methods, while the weakest. Suitable for partial temporary filling of cracks in floors and walls in dry and damp rooms. As a rule, it does not give a sealing effect, protecting only from clogging. The method is described in detail in the article "Repair mixtures for concrete".

Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete

Method 2. Epoxy resin and epoxy repair compounds

Much more effective than cement mixes, but only suitable for horizontal joints - floor and screed. Epoxy is sold ready-made with a hardener or separately.

Applications: screeds and concrete floors, interior work.

Benefits:

  1. Low price.
  2. Fast drying.
  3. Reinforces seams, preventing further movement.

What you need:

  1. Grinder with a diamond disc.
  2. Dust removal tool (vacuum cleaner, syringe, pump).
  3. Concrete primer.
  4. Resin with hardener or repair epoxy.
  5. Fine sand, packed.
  6. Spatulas, containers, etc.
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete

Note. The first three points will be needed for any chosen method.

Operating procedure

1. First of all, we make the crack jointing in order to level the edges, along the way we remove the loose layer of concrete. In this case, its dimensions should not increase significantly (4–25 mm in width). We cut the transverse grooves for the power tie (length 150 mm, pitch 400 mm).

Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete

2. Dust the seam.

3. We process the seam with a primer.

Note. The first 3 points will be required for any selected method (except grooves).

4. We put the repair brackets in the transverse grooves

5. Prepare the solution according to the instructions, adding the hardener to the resin.

Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete

Attention! The setting time of the epoxy mortar is 10 minutes.

6. Add fine sand to the resulting solution and fill the seams.

Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete

7. Fill on top with a thin layer of sand.

8. After about an hour, remove the sand from the surface with a vacuum cleaner.

The described method using sand is good for dry screeds. When used under a liquid medium (water), sand is excluded from the composition (including dusting). The possibility of using sand as part of proprietary repair mixtures of kits (resin + hardener) is indicated in the instructions.

Epoxies for crack repair:

Name, manufacturer Release form Unit price, rub. Price for 1 kg, rub. Consumption kg / liter cavity Note Epoxy resin ED-16, Russia Bucket 5-20 kg 900 (5 kg) 180 1.28 Hardener Etal-45M (160 rubles / kg) is purchased separately Epoxy resin ED-20, Russia Bucket 5-20 kg 1100 (5 kg) 220 1.28 Epoxy 520 resin, Spolchemie, Czech Republic Bucket 5 kg 1400 280 1.28 UZIN KR 416, Germany Can 750 g + hardener 42 g 1000 1200 1.21 Fast hardening Repair Technokolla, (Sika), Italy Can 1800 g + hardener 200 g 3600 1800 1.35 The widest scope

Method 3. Cords and tapes for seams and crack repair

To solve the problem in more critical areas - in the bowl of the pool or tank, in the walls of the underground part of the foundation or the outer walls of the house - you will need serious measures and special tools. Such repairs, although expensive against the background of the "good old" methods described above, are many times superior to them in terms of functions, reliability and scope.

Benefits:

  1. Variety of products - there is a special material for each task.
  2. Tightness, durability, wide range of applications.
  3. For outdoor use and harsh conditions. Installation is possible in winter.

Disadvantage: high material cost.

What you need:

  1. The first 3 items of the list of the previous method.
  2. Tape or cord for "stone" cracks (selected depending on the requirements).
  3. Polyurethane sealant for concrete, gun.
  4. Chisel, brushes, brushes, foam rubber.

Operating procedure

See items 1, 2, 3 described above.

4. At this stage, you should measure the depth and width of the space to be filled in order to choose the right self-expanding cord.

5. Install the cord (tape) in the cut. With a depth of 60 mm, an 18x23 mm tape is ideal. It should be held in the gap without tension, naturally. To the bottom and to the top of the crack, there should be 20–30 mm for expansion.

Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete

Attention! No type of self-expanding cord should be caulked or any other type of reinforced installation. He himself will fill the entire space in the process of expansion.

6. Fill the outer part with polyurethane sealant, smooth the surface with a spatula. We remove the remnants of the raw sealant with foam rubber. As a rule, the names of the preferred brands are placed on the packaging of materials requiring careful selection. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete

In the case of application in relatively dry rooms (basement, basement), where waterproofing measures are of a safety nature, finishing with cement mortar or cement repair mixture is allowed.

Polyurethane sealants:

Sealant Release form Unit price, rub. Price kg, rub. ELASTOSIL PU 20, Russia 600 ml tube, 500 g 250 500 3M PU 575, Russia 600 ml tube, 500 g 275 550 Rubberflex Pro PU-15, France 600 ml tube, 500 g 300 600

Crack repair cords are of particular interest, and we will tell you more about them.

Concrete renovation materials are a huge range of products, different in price and purpose, that have appeared over the past 15 years. These are the results of scientific progress in the service of the national economy. These materials are primarily binders and come in the form of a cord, tape or solid mat. The main components are modified clay, polymer resins and bentonite material (or an analogue). The purpose of their application is to bind two surfaces, or to seal them.

According to the form of release, they are:

  1. Cord. For filling the developed cracks of small depth (30–50 mm).
  2. Tape. For crevices, cracks and technological joints 20–50 mm wide and 50–150 mm deep.
  3. Mats. For connecting the layers of cement (concrete) screed when laying a new one on an old one.
  4. Water-reactive sealant paste. For grouting small cracks.

Cords and tapes are called hydrophilic and have a special property - to fill the space in which they are installed, without creating excessive forces (without crushing the seam). This happens in contact with water. That is, a dry cord laid in a crack remains dry until water appears. In contact with it, it swells and detains it, becomes a "plug". When water is removed, it returns to its original state. Such cords and tapes are capable of increasing in volume up to 8 times within 48 hours.

Binder mats are resin-impregnated bentonite webs. Resins are activated in contact with liquid concrete (mortar).

The paste has properties similar to the cord, but is available in tubes. Especially for hard-to-reach places.

Hydrophilic crack fillers:

Name, manufacturer Release form Withstands pressure, atm Expansion coefficient, times Price 1 lin. m "PLUG", Russia Ribbon, cord 5.5 2.5 190 G-Flex GX-7615, Alchimica, Ukraine Tape 18x23 mm 6 2.5 200 Waterstop 1520, Greece Cord Tape 18x23 mm, 7 3.5 245 FUMAX, China Tape 18x23 mm 6 2.5 320 Hydrotite CJ-0720-2K, Japan Tape 18x23 mm 8 4 360

Method 4. "Make in advance". Additive to concrete for self-healing cracks

It sounds strange, tempting and incredible. However, this is a fact - Russian scientists have created a drug that forms hydrophobic crystals. Moreover, it works only in a finished structure and in contact with water. By including such an additive in the composition of concrete during the construction of a pool or foundation, you can insure yourself against the appearance of small cracks, from which major problems begin. To date, only one company produces such an additive - Penetron. Their product "Penetron Admix" is produced in buckets of 10 kg and costs about 250 rubles / kg.

Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete
Filling and sealing cracks in masonry and concrete

Whichever method is chosen, remember that waterproofing is not a fad or a tribute to fashion, but a constructive necessity and a vital structural element.

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