Gas Boilers: Operation, Maintenance And Repair

Table of contents:

Gas Boilers: Operation, Maintenance And Repair
Gas Boilers: Operation, Maintenance And Repair

Video: Gas Boilers: Operation, Maintenance And Repair

Video: Gas Boilers: Operation, Maintenance And Repair
Video: Steam Boiler problems inspection-Maintenance & troubleshooting 1 2024, March
Anonim
  • Installing or replacing a gas boiler
  • Commissioning and commissioning of installed equipment
  • Automation and sensors. Trouble-shooting

    • Flue gas temperature sensor
    • Heating agent temperature sensor
    • Traction sensor
Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair
Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair

Let's try to figure out the most important and crucial points in the installation and operation of gas boilers. Nuances that will help extend their service life with the lowest cost of repair and purchase of spare parts.

Installing or replacing a gas boiler

The general requirements for the installation of all gas boilers are the following points:

  1. Compliance with the horizontal level. An off-level installation is the reason for uneven heating of the heat exchange chamber and, as a result, the appearance of cracks in places with different temperatures. Replacing the heat exchanger will cost half the cost.
  2. Availability of serviceable ventilation and chimney systems, which must be documented by the relevant organization.
  3. The possibility of servicing the boiler from any side, that is, the presence of a distance between the heater and the walls of at least 0.5 meters.
  4. Prepared room for installation: in detached boiler rooms, there must be a window, which, when the boiler explodes, will ensure the integrity of the building. In the basement, the presence of additional, preferably forced, ventilation is mandatory.
Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair
Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair

To install or replace the boiler, you can contact the gas services, which will change the boiler, and the system will be adapted for it. The calculation is carried out according to the work performed with 100% advance payment in a single program "Grand Estimate", where the materials used and all types of services provided are specified. The cost of the service ranges from 3.5 to 10 thousand rubles.

But some work on replacing the old boiler with a new one can be done by ourselves, there is nothing super complicated in this. To begin with, in order to dismantle the old equipment, you will have to drain the water from the system. Then unscrew the flanges and disconnect the system from the boiler, unscrew the clamp that holds the chimney corrugation and remove the corrugation (it is also better to change it). Next, disconnect the gas supply (do not forget to shut off the gas supply first) and unscrew the flanges with nozzles from the boiler. This completes the dismantling.

We install the boiler at the place of work according to the requirements. We adjust the return of the system to the corresponding branch pipe on the boiler (usually this is associated with the digestion of the steel heating system). It is undesirable to use bends with a small bend radius, because this reduces the speed of movement of the coolant. When the circulation pump is turned on, if there is one, a water hammer can occur in such places, which leads to a change and inhomogeneity of the nature of the movement of water, and, consequently, to difficulty in adjusting the system. The subsequent actions are performed in the reverse order: the flanges on the supply and return are tightened, the gas and the chimney are hooked up.

Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair
Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair

The work associated with replacing the boiler on its own is legal, but after changing and connecting it is necessary to make an application to call the gas inspector, who will register the boiler for servicing gas-using equipment, with a corresponding note in the equipment passport. The cost is up to 500 rubles for each piece of equipment.

Commissioning and commissioning of installed equipment

If this is the first time you start the system, then the issues of starting and troubleshooting fall on the shoulders of the gas workers. The average tariff by region is about 2,000 rubles. Replacement of faulty parts and automation is carried out under warranty, or for a fee.

The mandatory conditions for the owner's admission to the operation of boiler equipment are:

  • briefing by an authorized person against the instructed person's signature (cost 260–500 rubles);
  • showing and explaining how to turn on the boiler (included in the cost of instruction);
  • tracking of the first self-launch by the owner or other authorized person (included in the cost of instruction).
Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair
Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair

The filling of the system must be performed with a visual inspection of all connections for tightness: welded seams, threaded connections of metal-plastic and polypropylene spikes. Do not expect miracles from the new boiler until it is "used", malfunctions are possible:

  1. In strong winds, the pilot fire may blow out. This is due to the fact that until the system is fully warmed up and enters into its constant working rhythm, the automation cannot adjust to the work cycle. Low flame and pilot flame adjustments may be required.
  2. Temperature scale displays erroneous values. Within 5-10 degrees - it's okay, and if more, then either the scale itself is faulty, or the temperature sensor is faulty. The scale is adjusted manually by moving the arrow.
  3. Spontaneous stoppage of work together with the actuation of automation aimed at shutting off the gas supply. Here the reason lies not in the boiler, but in the system itself, which was airy when water was collected. When moving, air is pushed into the expander, and the total water level decreases. Water needs to be added.

It is very important to monitor such phenomena, and if this does not stop within a few days, then it is necessary to adjust and check the entire automation system.

Automation and sensors. Trouble-shooting

Studying the technical documentation of boiler equipment, users miss information about the sensors existing in the automation system, which make the boiler operation not only automated, but also safe.

Let's deal with each together - this will help you understand the principle of operation and the requirements for maintenance, operation and prevention of malfunctions.

Consider only what can really be repaired or changed with your own hands.

Flue gas temperature sensor

It is made in the form of a kerosene capsule, which is located directly above the fuel combustion chamber. It is connected to the main automation system with a brass tube in which the wire is laid. Visually, this sensor is easily distinguishable from the rest, because it has the shape of a classic mercury thermometer. Responsible for stabilizing the temperature of the exhaust gases and combustion products, thereby regulating the gas supply to the furnace.

Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair
Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair

The setting of the sensor is such that if the temperature of the flue gases does not match the correct temperature during the combustion of a certain amount of gas, the automation will turn off the boiler. Let us explain. There are tabulated values of temperature and heat release during the combustion of one cubic centimeter of gas. If the sensor detects that the temperature decreases during the combustion of the same volume, it will require an increase in the gas supply. But when the temperature from the table is reached, the automation analyzes the gas consumption and, if it exceeds the tabular volume by 20%, then the automation interrupts the gas supply completely, fixing the energy carrier leak.

The sensor needs to be repaired. The old one is cut off, kerosene is replaced (only aviation!) And the temperature sensor can be soldered back.

Heating agent temperature sensor

It is located at the outlet of the supply pipe from the heating zone, that is, its function is to show the outlet temperature of the coolant. According to the readings of this sensor, the total temperature on the batteries is adjusted. Based on the data of the thermal imager, the general picture of heat loss relative to the temperature at the coolant sensor is visible.

The sensor cannot be repaired. The main breakdown is contact oxidation and destruction of internal connections. Replacement can be done with a sensor that matches the marking: remove the front cover, then remove the heat exchanger casing, change the sensor and reassemble in the reverse order. In winter, it is better not to stop the boiler and not change the sensor - the inconvenience associated with the inoperative thermometer scale can be experienced until it gets warm.

Traction sensor

The most painful point for all boilers, without exception. It is usually freely accessible from the back or top side. It is a washer the size of a ruble coin and 5–8 mm thick. Responsible for determining the presence of the necessary draft and, if it is insufficient or absent, stops the operation of the boiler. If the sensor is faulty, it is also impossible to start the boiler.

The sensor cannot be repaired. Replacement is carried out with the one corresponding to the marking: get the sensor with wires, disconnect the wires or cut them if they are soldered. At the attachment points, connect the wires to the new sensor and, without removing it, carry out a test run.

Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair
Gas boilers. Operation, maintenance and repair

This is the only link in automation that can be eliminated, but only on condition that the traction and ventilation work perfectly. If the chimney is blocked in the absence of a sensor, smoke may occur in the adjacent space and overheating of the insulation on certain parts of the boiler automation. The use of a boiler without a draft sensor is permitted only in extreme cases (wires are directly connected), when replacement is impossible due to force majeure circumstances.

So, these are the most important and characteristic features of modern automation in gas boilers. Of course, there are almost a dozen other sensors of all kinds, the availability of which depends on the model, manufacturer and boiler power. If these little helpers are to be replaced, then only in specialized centers. To avoid loss of warranty, do not attempt to disassemble the boiler or replace parts.

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