Pneumatic Tools For Repair And Construction Work

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Pneumatic Tools For Repair And Construction Work
Pneumatic Tools For Repair And Construction Work

Video: Pneumatic Tools For Repair And Construction Work

Video: Pneumatic Tools For Repair And Construction Work
Video: KUANI Finger Tip Slide Control Air Impact Series 2024, March
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  • An excursion into the history of pneumatic tools
  • The principle of operation and types of pneumatic tools
  • Pneumatic tool characteristics
  • Equipment required for the operation of the pneumatic tool
  • How to choose a pneumatic tool
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work

At the beginning of the last century, an unexpected and powerful leap forward was made in the technological and scientific spheres - more has been done in several decades than in the past few centuries. Progress has also taken place in the field of construction, replacing most of the hand tools with electric and pneumatic, and the latter has become a real breakthrough in providing repair and construction work, since it is the least demanding in maintenance with high productivity. What are the characteristics of a pneumatic tool and how difficult is it to operate?

An excursion into the history of pneumatic tools

Since any pneumatic tool cannot work without compressed air supplied by a compressor, the history of the pneumatic tool began in the middle of the 17th century, with the invention of the vacuum pump by the German engineer and physicist Otto von Guericke. True, there was no practical application of the von Guericke pump at that time, only "magic" performances with the famous Magdeburg hemispheres, the combination of which, after pumping out air from the sphere formed by them, could not break 16 draft horses.

Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work

Two centuries later, inventors finally drew attention to the possibilities of pneumatics - the Englishman George Medhurst created pneumatic mail for post offices of banks, and Alfred Beach developed a pneumatic subway for underground transportation of goods and even passengers.

Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work

The first models of pneumatic tools were created by American engineers at the end of the 19th century - Georg Leiner created a manual pneumatic jackhammer, and Charles Brady King developed a pneumatic hammer drill.

Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work

The principle of operation and types of pneumatic tools

A pneumatic tool is powered by compressed air supplied to its engine from a compressor via a high pressure hose. The air compressor unit is equipped with an electric, gasoline or diesel engine, the pneumatic tool does not consume electricity. The body is made of aluminum alloys and high-strength composites, gear wheels, rotors, spindles and bearings are made of hardened structural and alloy steel. Precise processing and fitting of moving parts to each other allows to reduce the noise of the tool during its operation - some types of pneumatic tools work more noisily than electromechanical counterparts, but this is due more to the peculiarities of the work than to structural flaws. The vibration of the pneumatic tool depends on the workmanship,the presence of gears, etc., however, the vibration of high-quality models is small, since in their design, the transmission of torque occurs without the participation of gears - directly from the engine to the shaft.

Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work

Depending on the type of pneumatic tool, the compressed air drives the impact, rotation or discharge mechanism.

Percussion pneumatic tools include pneumatic chisels, chippers and chippers, pneumatic rammers, nail and staple guns, pneumatic punches, etc. Most often, the pneumatic hammer is designed for one-handed operation, its weight does not exceed one kilogram, while its performance is not inferior to a more weighty electric percussion tool. Such a tool has a wide range of applications - for example, using a pneumatic chisel with a set of replaceable nozzles, you can chop metal sheets and pipes, beat off plaster and tiles, cut down grooves, and when replacing the nozzle with a metal brush, you can clean metal surfaces. Dealing in one minute from 3000 to 5000 blows of 2-5 J each, such a pneumatic chipper consumes from 100 to 250 liters of air per minute. An impact pneumatic tool of greater power is used to demolish concrete and brick buildings, replacing the usual jackhammers, and when drilling holes with a diameter of more than 30 mm, it surpasses the characteristics of a power tool - dust and small debris during drilling is eliminated by an air jet, and not by grooves applied to the surface of the drill of an electric hammer which makes the process of work easier.

Pneumatic tools equipped with a rotary vane motor that rotates the working head with a nozzle - pneumatic drills, nutrunners, grinders, screwdrivers, etc. In operation, pneumodrills and nutrunners are similar to electrical counterparts, with the exception of smaller weight and dimensions with equivalent power, therefore, during construction works are rarely used and are more popular in factory halls and workshops. As for the grinding and cutting pneumatic tool, with a significant amount of work in production shops or construction sites, its characteristics are superior to models with an electric drive, since they have a large working resource.

The air blown by the compressor drives the air spray tools - spray gun, grease guns and sandblasting guns.

In addition to the described types of pneumatic tools, there are other types of it, such as pneumatic shears and pneumatic saws, pistols for pumping car wheels and blowing guns. It should be noted that some types of pneumatic tools can combine several functions, for example, rotation and impact.

Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work

Pneumatic tools are used in a variety of industries. In construction, it is necessary for the construction, repair and demolition of buildings, as the main tool for frame housing construction or a tool for making pallets, in mechanical engineering and metalworking - for creating metal structures for various purposes, in mining and mining - for cutting rocks.

Pneumatic tool characteristics

The main advantage of a pneumatic tool is its simplicity of design - no more than 30 parts, including not a single fragile element. Consider what other advantages a pneumatic tool has in comparison with a power tool:

  • small overall dimensions and weight, i.e. ease of use;
  • high resistance to overload and unprofessional handling, allows continuous use for several work shifts in a row;
  • reliability and safety of use for the working team. Completely immune to the degree of dust, humidity and gas content, is not capable of causing a fire or explosion due to a short circuit, or shock workers;
  • with equal power with electromechanical analogs, it has less noise during operation;
  • acceptable cost, against the background of low operating costs and maintainability;
  • The pneumatic tool starts working as soon as compressed air is supplied to it, i.e. he does not need time for inertial acceleration;
  • in the process of working with pneumatic tools, employees are less tired, because it is more lightweight and undemanding to use.
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work

Cons of a pneumatic tool:

  • higher price than a power tool of equivalent power. The difference, depending on the manufacturer, can be from 15 to 60%;
  • a compressor of the appropriate capacity is required;
  • the need for a permanent hose connection to the compressor, which somewhat increases the weight of the device;
  • strict requirements for the quality and volume of the supplied air, on the observance of which the durability of the tool depends;
  • in the process of work, the body of the pneumatic tool without external lining (especially grinders) is noticeably cooled, gloves are required

Equipment required for the operation of the pneumatic tool

If the use of a power tool requires only a sufficient section of wiring connected to a power source, then the pneumatic tool will not work without a set of equipment - a compressor, air preparation equipment and a pneumatic line.

On average, a pneumatic tool consumes about 300-400 liters of air per minute, the compressor power is determined by the number of pneumatic tools that will work simultaneously, while the compressor must produce 30-50% more compressed air than necessary. It is possible to increase the power of the compressor by using the tank of the receiver, where the compressed air will accumulate.

Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work

Air preparation before supplying it to the instrument must be carried out without fail, otherwise the equipment will quickly fail. The air conditioning system includes a dehumidifier, a filter separating condensed moisture, a lubricator and an air pressure regulator with a manometer. A dehumidifier, in the tank of which condensate and various suspensions are accumulated, is installed at the air outlet from the compressor; in the case of a branched pneumatic pipeline system, filters for condensate drainage must be installed additionally at each pipeline outlet. A lubricator is used to supply oil to the pneumatic system. Both the lubricator and the dryer are designed to prevent corrosion of the instruments.

The pneumatic line, through which compressed air is supplied to the work stations, is made of copper, aluminum, sintered metal, metal-plastic and, in the most "budgetary" version, from water pipes. The effectiveness of the pneumatic line depends on the cross section and the material from which the pipes are made. To prevent a drop in pressure in some of its sections, it is necessary to create a closed system by installing additional receivers in the most remote sections. To combat condensate, the pipes are laid at a 2 ° slope in the direction of the air movement; at the outlets, they must be equipped with taps to drain the accumulated condensate. Condensation formation in the pneumatic line will be least if the pipe is laid along the walls or at the ceiling level, the worst option would be to run the pipes inside the floor or walls.

Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work

In addition to the main pneumatic line for supplying compressed air to the tools, fabric-reinforced hoses with an outer diameter of 12 to 20 mm and a maximum length of 50 m are used. In the conditions of the workshop, polyurethane and nylon hoses assembled in a spiral and equipped with quick-release couplings and plug fittings are the most convenient.

How to choose a pneumatic tool

Pneumatic tools of foreign manufacturers, including German "Schneider", "Rodcraft" and "Prebena", American "Gison" and "Basso", Austrian "Stid", Czech "Deprag", Japanese "Shinano", Taiwanese " Sumake ", as well as domestic - LLC" Pnevmokomplekt-Ek ", OJSC MZPI" Moscow plant of pneumatic tools ", LLC" Tomsk plant Kuznetsov ", etc.

Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work
Pneumatic tools for repair and construction work

The main criteria for choosing a pneumatic tool will be its following characteristics:

  • power;
  • productivity, incl. the presence of manual adjustment of revolutions, accuracy of adjustment of the position of the cutting tool and the possibility of its quick replacement;
  • convenience, i.e. weight, location of governing bodies, admissibility of using the balancer, etc.;
  • price, in addition to the numbers contained in it, the terms and conditions of delivery, guarantees and the location of the nearest service station are taken into account.

Study the body of the pneumatic tool offered by the seller and its shop part - the fewer plastic inserts, the better, most of the body elements should be made of metal. Evaluate how accurately the elements of the case fit, make sure there are no cavities or cracks on it. It should be noted that when choosing a pneumatic nailing tool, it is better to give preference to models with a magazine, the fasteners for which are a drum or drum nails. Since pneumatic tools constantly require specialized fasteners (a certain width of the staple or the length of a nail), it will be right to choose a supplier that provides the necessary range of quality consumables at an acceptable price.

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