How To Equip A Water Well And Install A Pumping Station

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How To Equip A Water Well And Install A Pumping Station
How To Equip A Water Well And Install A Pumping Station

Video: How To Equip A Water Well And Install A Pumping Station

Video: How To Equip A Water Well And Install A Pumping Station
Video: PPS - Submersible Pump Station Installation Video 2024, March
Anonim
  • Drilling a well - before or after building a house
  • The device and principle of operation of pumping stations
  • An overview of the most common stations

    • Pumping station "Aquario ADP - 355"
    • Pumping station "Aujet DW - 100"
  • How to choose the right pumping station
  • Pumping station installation - outdoor work
  • Pump station installation - internal work
  • The use of PE pipes for outdoor use
  • How to choose and where to install water filters
  • Ways of insulating external highways
  • Some helpful tips
Water supply of a country house
Water supply of a country house

We understand the price of water when we are left alone with our country problems. The usual civilized water supply suddenly ends and together with the deafening silence of the wild for the urban dweller of the village subculture with its indispensable attributes - a well, buckets, a sink, a different life begins.

But is it worth denying yourself the benefits of civilization, choosing the countryside as your place of residence, or relaxing in the country? Today it is not difficult to equip autonomous water supply. The cost of such a system is affordable for any owner of suburban real estate. It all starts with drilling a well.

Water supply of a country house
Water supply of a country house

Drilling a well - before or after building a house

The location of the well on the territory of the land plot is best determined within the boundaries of the future house. To do this, you need to decide on the project and tie the boundaries of the foundation to the area. The well should be in a basement or basement room. This is the most convenient location in which it is easiest to protect pipelines and pumping equipment from freezing and to install it compactly in one place.

Water supply of a country house
Water supply of a country house

But more often than not, the idea to drill a well and equip your own domestic water supply comes after the house is under the roof. In this case, the well must be located as close to the foundation as possible in order to shorten the length of the suction lines, which affects the performance of the pumping station, the cost of insulation of pipelines and the arrangement of the well itself.

The device and principle of operation of pumping stations

Methods for raising water from the bowels to the surface depend on the depth of the well. If it exceeds 20 meters, then this will require a deep pump and an intermediate tank equipped with sensors for the upper and lower water levels, which will be automatically filled by the pump when it is disassembled. Water from the tank flows through a check valve to the inlet of a device that maintains a given pressure in the water supply network of the house - a hydrophore.

Water supply of a country house
Water supply of a country house

If the depth of the well is less than 20 meters, then a compact and reliable device - an automatic pumping station - can be installed to extract the life-giving vagi. It combines two units in one - a submersible pump and a hydrophore. In this case, the intermediate tank and the automation system for monitoring its filling disappear, since the raised water immediately enters the water supply system.

Water supply of a country house
Water supply of a country house

1 - hydrophore; 2 - flexible hose; 3 - pump with electric drive; 4 - pressure switch; 5 - input for water supply

All pumping stations consist of the following functional units:

  • a water intake with a grid and a check valve, located directly in the well;
  • a suction line, through which water rises from the well and is supplied to the pump housing;
  • a centrifugal pump, which creates a vacuum on the one hand, due to which water rises, and on the other hand, pressure due to which water enters the house and is distributed in it to consumers;
  • a pressure switch that turns on the electric motor when the pressure drops below the set value and turns off when the upper pressure is reached;
  • a tank - a receiver (or accumulator), consisting of two halves, separated by an elastic membrane, which compensates for the effect of a water hammer that occurs when the station is turned on;
  • an electric motor, which is mechanically coupled with the pump, and electrically with a pressure switch;
  • a dial gauge, which visually monitors the pressure in the line and adjusts it if necessary.

In addition, according to the design of the suction pipeline, pumping stations are divided into one-pipe and two-pipe (ejector). One-pipe stations have a simple water intake design, and water enters the pump casing along one line. Two-pipe stations have a more complex device, which includes a cast iron ejector, which is completely submerged in water. The advantage of one-pipe stations is ease of installation. Double-pipe pumping stations use not only the vacuum created by the pump impeller to lift water, but also an additional increase in it due to the inertia of the water circulating in a circle during the operation of the station. They are capable of lifting water from a greater depth at less power.

An overview of the most common stations

Pumping station "Aquario ADP - 355"

The Italian two-pipe automatic pumping station with a cast iron pump casing and a brass impeller has proven itself well in operation. Photo1 shows a sample that has been working continuously for the fifth year! This station has a modest appetite and consumes the least power in its class, providing water rise from a maximum depth of 20 meters.

Well drilling
Well drilling

Pumping station Aquario ADP-355 at the combat post

The main parameters of the station are as follows:

  • Q.max 42 l / min - maximum volume of supplied water per minute;
  • H.max: 38 m - maximum length of the horizontal section of the highway;
  • S. Head: 25 m - maximum well depth;
  • Size: 1 ¼ "x 1" - diameters of the suction pipes;
  • Output: 750 W - power;
  • 2900 r / min - the number of engine revolutions per minute.

Do not flatter yourself looking at the indicators of the maximum depth and length of the suction line. These are extreme values. If the ejector of this station is lowered by 25 m, and the station itself is removed from the well by 38 m, then there will be no water at the outlet. The maximum depth of the ejector is 20 m, and the distance is 25 m.

Positive qualities revealed during operation:

  • economical;
  • the declared performance corresponds to the real indicators;
  • does not require maintenance;
  • does not fail when frozen.

There is only one drawback - it is very noisy. Requires installation in a non-residential area.

Pumping station "Aujet DW - 100"

"Aujet DW - 100" manufactured in China (licensed by the American company JM Motor) is a two-pipe pumping station. It is compact in design, has an impeller made of aluminum alloy, which significantly reduced noise. But the design of the wheel is such that with a higher engine power (970 W), its indicators practically do not differ from the previous sample. Well depth up to 20 m, productivity - 40 l / min.

Water supply of a country house
Water supply of a country house

Chinese station "Aujet DW - 100"

Despite the short service life of this station, it was possible to identify some advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include the following:

  • low noise level during operation (can be installed in the basement or basement of a residential building);
  • metal impeller;
  • convenient mutual arrangement of inlet holes (you can connect couplings without problems);
  • relay, pressure gauge and flexible hose connecting the pump with the hydraulic accumulator are spaced apart, which is convenient for servicing;

Disadvantages:

  • the relay began to jam a month after installation;
  • the manufacturer categorically warns about the danger of water freezing in the station;
  • unjustified unnecessary consumption of electricity.

How to choose the right pumping station

When choosing a model of a pumping station, one must proceed from the following considerations:

  • if the well depth does not exceed 10 m, you can purchase a one-pipe station, which will greatly simplify the installation work;
  • with a well depth of 10 to 20 m, water rise can only be provided by two-pipe ejector stations;
  • if the site does not provide for a place for arranging a separate room for pumping equipment, then you need to choose the least noisy model (these include stations with plastic impellers), giving preference to expensive models from trusted manufacturers;
  • with a well depth over 20 m, the use of a pumping station becomes unprofitable and more expensive equipment will be required.
Water supply of a country house
Water supply of a country house

Pumping station installation - outdoor work

A good idea to equip your country estate with an autonomous plumbing comes most often after the house is brought under the roof. In this case, the only correct solution would be to drill the well as close to the foundation as possible. Drillers are not involved in well construction. After they have completed their work, only the visible part of the casing about 1 m long will remain above the ground.

Installation of a pumping station
Installation of a pumping station

Considering that winters in most of our country are accompanied by frosts, pipes will have to be hidden underground and ensure their reliable protection from freezing. To do this, it is necessary to dig in the casing to a depth below the level of soil freezing in a given area. But here another difficulty often awaits - high-standing surface waters. After all, it is no secret that plots for individual construction are allocated mainly on lands unsuitable for agriculture or high-rise construction. In such cases, the pipe should be dug to a level higher than the surface water level.

Casing
Casing

The casing pipe was dug to a depth exceeding the surface water level. The head of the well is placed inside the caisson and after that a pipe is laid from the well to the house.

From the well to the foundation of the house, you need to dig a trench, and punch a hole for pipes in the foundation. The trench should have a slight slope towards the well, and the hole should be located at such a height that the suction line passes gently without sharp drops and kinks. This is the main condition for the reliable operation of the equipment.

Water supply of a country house
Water supply of a country house

The trench from the well to the house is made as possible along the shortest and evenest route. The pipe is buried below the level of freezing of the soil and is insulated

The next step is to prepare a place for installing a pumping station inside the house. A good option would be to place it in a basement or basement floor on a small elevation, providing a smooth rise of pipes and protection from possible flooding. To do this, you can weld a light table from an improvised material, fold a brick pedestal or come up with your own design option. The main thing is that the station is securely fastened and does not touch the internal structures of the building in order to avoid the spread of noise from its work along the floors or through the foundation. In this case, the station is mounted on a table welded from steel square pipes and a corner, which is attached to the concrete screed with anchors.

Pumping station
Pumping station

The welded structure of the table is fixed with anchors on the screed

The station itself is fastened with bolts.

After the pumping station takes its place, you can start laying the suction lines from the station to the well. First of all, you need to prepare the ejector. This assembly is made of cast iron and has three threaded holes. The exploded view of the ejector and the necessary parts are shown in the photo.

How to provide yourself with water
How to provide yourself with water

Disassembled ejector

The assembly begins with the installation of a check valve with a strainer that retains large particles of sand and fine gravel. Attention! The station will not work without this element! The plastic flare collar does not fit into the polyethylene pipe. Therefore, it must be placed inside a 32 mm diameter squeegee of a suitable length. The squeegee can be assembled in two parts. To switch to a polyethylene pipe, bronze couplings with a diameter of 24 and 32 mm are intended. All threaded connections must be sealed with flax and sealing paste. The connections must be tight! The finished ejector assembly is shown in the photo below.

Drilling of the wells
Drilling of the wells

Ejector assembly

Now you need to calculate the length of the vertical pipe segments that will sink into the well. To do this, it is enough to determine the water level in the well and add at least 2 meters to it. It is not worthwhile to deeply deepen the water intake. The check valve mesh may become clogged. The calculated size must be set aside on the pipes and cut off with special scissors. The polyethylene pipe comes in rolls and does not bend well. To facilitate this task, it can be heated with a technical hair dryer. The straightened sections are connected to the ejector couplings.

Where to make a well
Where to make a well

Ejector connected to pipes

From the pumping station to the outside, you need to lay pipes with a margin, immediately connecting them to the inlet couplings installed on the centrifugal pump.

Particular attention must be paid to ensure that the pipes go into the couplings until they stop. You must first tighten the couplings manually, and then with a gas wrench.

The stock of pipes must be cut in place, taking a tolerance on the knee.

Water intake
Water intake

It can be installed at the transition of the suction pipelines from the vertical section to the inclined bend. This will make it easier to service the ejector if necessary. But with a shallow well depth, you can do without them by immediately choosing the length of the pipe, taking into account the submerged part.

Then the water intake with the vertical section of the main line is connected through the knees with an inclined one (you must first remember to put on the outlet). All connections must be tightly tightened with a wrench and the ejector can be immersed in the well.

You should not try to twist the knees by weight when the ejector is submerged in the well - it can be drowned, and this unit is not sold separately from the station.

How to equip a water well and install a pumping station
How to equip a water well and install a pumping station

By this time, the inner part of the distribution of the pressure water supply system should be ready, the installation of which will be discussed below. For the convenience of starting the station, you can lay the main line to the external tap (it is convenient to use it for watering the garden and other household needs in the yard). You must not start up an empty station! It needs to be filled with water. To do this, unscrew the filler plug on the pump housing of the station and fill the suction lines, the hydraulic accumulator and the pump itself with water through a funnel. The volume of water filled in is 12 liters on average. The process is shown in the photo below.

Image
Image

Filling the system with water through a funnel

After the water stops leaving, you need to tighten the filler cap.

The last preparatory operation is to control the air pressure in the accumulator. Its value depends on the type of station and can range from 1.2 to 1.5 atm. The easiest way is to measure the pressure and pump air, if it is below normal, using a car compressor. The air section of the accumulator is equipped for this with an ordinary car nipple.

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Image

In the absence of a compressor, this operation, but with great effort, can be performed using a bicycle pump.

Before the test run of the station, open the valves and insert the plug from the station into the socket. The motor will start running, and water should flow into the pressure line. It is necessary to let it flow until the air is removed, and then turn off the street tap. The pressure indicated by the pressure gauge will begin to increase until it reaches the pressure set at the factory (as a rule, from 1.5 to 3 atm). After which the station should automatically turn off.

If necessary, you can adjust the pressure value by removing the relay cover and turning the self-locking nut.

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Image

After a test run, if the station maintains a given pressure, you can push the bend into the well, grab it by welding at 3-4 points, tightly wrap the joint with water-resistant plumbing tape, and fill the end of the bend with foam.

Pump station installation - internal work

Internal work when equipping a home water supply system can be divided into two parts: installation of a pressure line to the primary filter and piping around the house to the planned water points. Pre-filter wiring will be discussed here.

This part of the pressure line is carried out with a polyethylene pipe. First of all, a shut-off valve is installed, which can be used to shut off the water supply to the entire house if necessary. It must meet two requirements - be reliable and be able to be quickly dismantled without disassembling the entire line. The brass ball valve with "American" meets these requirements in the best way.

Water filters
Water filters

After the pump, a tee must be installed with a branch to fill the system with water with a valve and a check valve on the water supply line to the consumer

You should not buy a cheap silumin crane - its service life rarely exceeds 5 years, after which it crumbles, which is fraught with the threat of flooding.

The next step is to install the primary filter housing. It is wall-mounted for easy maintenance. Most of these filters are self-cleaning. The frequency of maintenance depends on the water quality in the region. Maintenance is reduced to flushing the cartridge and freeing the flask from sediment. A sample of such a filter is shown in the photo below.

Installing a water filter
Installing a water filter

Installation of the primary filter

The filter is completed with a flask wrench, which simplifies its installation. Water is supplied to the inlet through a PE pipe, at the outlet, a transition to a PPR pipe is installed. From this place, the distribution of the pressure head water supply begins around the house to consumers. The pipe must be well secured to the walls and floors with rubberized grips. For the connection to the filter, you can use plastic fittings - elbows and couplings, which may differ structurally, but the main thing that needs to be taken into account when working with them is that the pipe should fit tightly into the fitting and reach the stop. Otherwise, under pressure, it can gradually squeeze out, which threatens flooding. The first photo shows a disassembled plastic elbow for PE pipes, and the second shows a general view of the finished line from the station to the filter.

The use of PE pipes for outdoor use

Polyethylene pipes are replacing steel pipes everywhere. They are used for outdoor distribution and are used to transport various liquids and gases. Their advantage is high strength, low cost, complete absence of corrosion, resistance to aggressive environmental factors, ease of installation and a very long service life (warranty period - 50 years).

How to equip a water well and install a pumping station
How to equip a water well and install a pumping station

PE pipes intended for water have blue marking stripes and the inscription "Drinking" along their entire length. There are two types of pipes - "C" and "T". "C" - medium pipes designed to work under pressure up to 6 atm. "T" - heavy, with a maximum working pressure of 10 atm.

All types of PE pipes are suitable for direct burial. One of the positive qualities is the ability to work with them in winter at temperatures down to -20 degrees. When the water in the pipe freezes, it does not burst; it can be easily warmed up with boiling water. Replacement of such a pipe in the event of an accident is carried out without additional equipment. Low price is another advantage of PE pipes over steel ones.

How to choose and where to install water filters

Water in different places differs in its chemical and bacteriological composition. A lot of salts are dissolved in it, or, conversely, there is an almost complete absence of them. Both can negatively affect the well-being of the person who uses it, and the performance of household appliances that use water in their work. Therefore, the set of primary filters in different places will be different.

How to equip a water well and install a pumping station
How to equip a water well and install a pumping station

The general filtration scheme is the separation into water used for domestic purposes and for cooking and drinking. For domestic purposes, it is sufficient to install coarse filters and, in some cases, filters that absorb iron and calcium salts. They are installed immediately after the water leaves the pumping station. Drinking water must undergo additional purification from pathogenic microflora, salts of heavy metals and excessive mineralization (or, on the contrary, must be replenished with salts and ions that are scarce in the area).

Ways of insulating external highways

The most reliable way to protect pipes from freezing is to lay them below the freezing level of the soil. But for many objective reasons, this is not always possible. In order to protect yourself from frost, you need to use comprehensive protection. It includes pipe insulation combined with the use of self-regulating electric heating cables. For passive protection of pipes, it makes sense to use solid expanded polystyrene shells of the corresponding inner diameter with an outer shell thickness of up to 8 cm.

The self-regulating cable is fixed on the pipe, pre-glued with aluminum tape (this applies to PE pipes) for better heat transfer. For pipes with a diameter of up to 50 mm, it is allowed to fix the cable along the pipe. Pipes over 50 mm must be wrapped in a spiral cable. This approach provides protection of external highways at temperatures down to -60 degrees! The cable will not overheat the pipe, because has built-in temperature sensors, dispersed along its length and installed to maintain the temperature of the water inside the pipe at around +5 degrees.

How to equip a water well and install a pumping station
How to equip a water well and install a pumping station

It is enough to turn on such a cable in the fall and turn it off in the spring. Today, this is the most effective way to fight frost if the pipelines run close to the ground surface or there are external entrances to the house. PE pipes, as well as all other types of plastic and metal-plastic pipes, freeze for a long time, but thaw just as long. Despite the fact that being frozen, they are rarely damaged, everyone who has at least once experienced the blow of a frosty element prefers a self-regulating cable to all other types of insulation.

The disadvantage of such a protection system is obvious - in the absence of voltage in the network, it does not work. But for a comfortable and safe life outside the city, you need to have an alternative power supply in this case. After all, a modern country house is equipped with many systems that use electricity. And the choice of power sources is very diverse - from traditional gasoline power plants, to battery UPS or electrical installations running on liquefied gas.

Some helpful tips

When working with pipes and fittings, you cannot do without sealing the threaded connections. No matter how wise the pundits were, inventing alternative materials for winding, and no one was able to surpass traditional flax! But there are some tricks and some technological innovations in the linen roll. So, to securely fix the linen winding, you need to take a longer bundle, make a loop at one end of it like a stranglehold, which you put on the end of the thread, tighten it, and wind the free rest along the thread.

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For a reliable seal and as a lubricant, it is worth using a special sealing paste.

Vacation home
Vacation home

Application of sealing paste

To prevent the PE pipe from breaking through and becoming oval when cutting it with scissors, you do not need to try to cut it off immediately. It is better, when the blade enters the plastic slightly, turn the scissors around its axis, gradually increasing the pressure on them. This will keep the pipe round at the cut, making it easier to install the fitting.

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